New research from RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences highlights significant inequalities in diabetes prevalence across Ireland, linked to differences in socio-economic status, age and education levels.

The research, led by the RCSI School of Population Health, analysed data from the Healthy Ireland survey spanning 2015 to 2023.The team found that those from disadvantages areas, as well as those with lower levels of education are more likely to have, or develop, diabetes.

Among disadvantaged communities, 6% of individuals reported having diabetes – almost three times higher than the 2.2% recorded among those in more affluent areas. Similarly, research reveals that diabetes rates are three times as high among those who have not progressed beyond primary school education when compared to those with postgraduate degrees.

While these findings underscore stark inequalities in diabetes prevalence, the study suggests that targeting existing diabetes prevention programmes at these groups could improve diabetes prevalence among the Irish population over time.

An individualised approach

Professor Edward Gregg, co-investigator on the study and Head of RCSI’s School of Population Health, said: “The research shows that, while our overall diabetes rates are stable, the high prevalence in lower socio-economic areas remains. In order for diabetes prevention strategies to be effective, we must account for, and accommodate, the specific challenges faced by various marginalised groups across the country.”

Lead author of the study, Dr Gintare Valentelyte, added: “The need for targeted and accessible support among all social demographics is evident from our research findings. I hope this research highlights the existing gap in services and education and that it inspires a more individualised approach to diabetes prevention.”

Strong partnerships

The study provides critical insights to guide more equitable public health interventions aimed at reducing diabetes prevalence across Ireland.

This publication has emanated from research conducted with the support of Science Foundation Ireland, as well as a Research Ireland Research Professorship Programme for Professor Edward Gregg.

The research was carried out in partnership with Imperial College London, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics; School of Health, University of the Sunshine Coast; Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne; and the School of Medicine, Western Sydney University.

Read the study in full here.

You can also find more information on the causes, risks and symptoms of diabetes in the HSE publication, Diabetes Prevention: A Guide to Healthy Living.